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diff --git a/text/chipy.tex b/text/chipy.tex index a4c4c12..433e9b0 100644 --- a/text/chipy.tex +++ b/text/chipy.tex @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ \chapter{IoT communication modules for 4G/5G networks} -\section{Nordic Semiconductor nRF9160} +This chapter describes a \ac{SiP} nRF9160 from Nordic Semiconductor and its successors nRF9161 and nRF9151. It is focused on its parameters and high level overview of its particular parts. + +Later there the chapter continues in overview and comparison of available modules with these \ac{SiP}s. + +\section{Nordic Semiconductor nRF9160} \label{chap:nrfdesc} \begin{figure}[H] \begin{center} @@ -11,12 +15,12 @@ \label{fig:sipfront} \end{figure} -nRF9160, made by Nordic Semiconductor, is a System-in-Package (SiP) combining multiple integrated circuits into a single LGA package (10x16x1.04 mm in size), functioning as an entire computing system: +nRF9160, made by Nordic Semiconductor, is a \ac{SiP} combining multiple integrated circuits into a single LGA package (10x16x1.04 mm in size), functioning as an entire computing system: \begin{itemize} - \item Application Processor with Arm Cortex-M33 core at 64 MHz, 1 MB flash memory, 256 kB RAM and usual microcontroller peripherials - 4x SPI/UART/I2C, 4x PWM, PDM, I2S, 12-bit ADC @ 200 ksps, 3x timer, 2x RTC, WDT. - \item LTE modem (700 – 2000 MHz) operating in the both LPWAN modes: LTE-M (300/375 kbps DL/UL) and NB-IoT (30/60 kbps DL/UL), supporting IPv4/IPv6 internet layer with optional security using TCP/TLS in transport layer and modem firmware upgrades via FOTA (firmware over the air). - \item Radio-Frequency Front End (RFFE) - \item GNSS receiver + \item Application Processor with Arm Cortex-M33 core at 64 MHz, 1 MB flash memory, 256 kB RAM and usual microcontroller peripherals - 4x SPI/UART/I2C, 4x PWM, PDM, I2S, 12-bit ADC @ 200 ksps, 3x timer, 2x RTC, WDT. + \item LTE modem (700 – 2000 MHz) operating in the both \ac{LPWAN} modes: LTE-M (300/375 kbps DL/UL) and NB-IoT (30/60 kbps DL/UL), supporting IPv4/IPv6 internet layer with optional security using TCP/TLS in transport layer and modem firmware upgrades via \ac{FOTA} (firmware over the air). + \item \ac{RFFE} % /home/mike/Pictures/Screenshots/Screenshot from 2025-05-31 10-34-14.png + \item \ac{GNSS} receiver \item Power management integrated circuits. \end{itemize} @@ -24,6 +28,29 @@ nRF9160 is certified for global operations in multiple LTE bands, as shown in th Both SIM and eSIM are supported for connection and authentication with mobile network operators \cite{nrf91desc}. nRF9160 can be powered from relatively large range of voltages - from 3.0 to 5.5 V, allowing to directly connect Li-ion or Li-Po type batteries or USB-compatible power supplies. +\subsubsection{Architecture} + +The architecture of the \ac{SiP} consist of two mostly independent parts. One is a application processor that can be imagined as ordinary ARM Cortex-M microcontroller. And the other is programmable modem. These two cores communicate between each other using AT commands. For visual representation see figure \ref{fig:sipdiagram}. + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/nrfdiagram.png} + \end{center} + \caption[Nordic nRF9160 SiP architecture]{Nordic nRF9160 SiP architecture\cite{nrfsipbrief}} + \label{fig:sipdiagram} +\end{figure} + +Modem on nRF9160 can, without program memory change, operate with LTE-M, NB-IoT and \ac{GNSS} but not simultaneously. Switching between the two LTE modes is done by AT commands to the modem and it can be set to one or the other at one moment. There is an option for automatic mode where the modem evaluates both options and the better one on it own discretion \cite{nrfat}. + +Modem can get a geolocation information from the \ac{GNSS} satellite constellations but with following limitations \cite{nrfsipbrief}: +\begin{itemize} + \item Support only for \ac{GPS} layer 1 and \ac{QZSS} layer 1 + \item Maximum limit of concurrent active satellites of 12 + \item Cellular communication interrupts geolocation service +\end{itemize} + +\subsubsection{Manufacturing variations} + nRF9160 is manufactured in 3 modifications, sharing the same 127-pin LGA package, but differing in LTE modem capabilities, as shown in table \ref{tab:nrfchips} below. \begin{table}[!h] @@ -35,14 +62,161 @@ nRF9160 is manufactured in 3 modifications, sharing the same 127-pin LGA package \hline nRF9160-SICA & Only LTE-M \\ \hline nRF9160-SIBA & Only NB-IoT \\ \hline - nRF9160-SIAA & LTE-M, NB-IoT and GNSS \\ \hline + nRF9160-SIAA & LTE-M, NB-IoT and \ac{GNSS} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \caption[nRF9160 product options]{nRF9160 LGA modules options and their limitations. \cite{nrf91datasheet}} \label{tab:nrfchips} \end{table} -\subsection{Modules with nRF9160} +Comparisons of the main parameters of the most common nRF9160 boards is provided in the following table \ref{tab:nrfmodules} taken from \cite{connexiodesc}: +\begin{table}[H] + \begin{center} + \scriptsize + \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|} + \hline + & Stratus & Thingy:91 & Icarus & Feather & Pebble Tracker & Thing Plus \\\hline + \hline + Manufacturer & Connexio & Nordic Semi & Actinius & CircuitDojo & IoTex & Sparkfun \\\hline + Total Pins & 33 & 8 & 28 & 28 & None & 28 \\\hline + I/O Pins & 26 & 8 & 21 & 20 & None & 20 \\\hline + Energy Harvester & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline + Accelerometer & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\\hline + Environmental Sensors & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes & No \\\hline + Onboard LEDS & 2 & 1 RGB & 1 RGB & 2 & 1 RGB & 2 \\\hline + Sensor power gating & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline + Power switch & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes & No \\\hline + Lipo battery charger & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes \\\hline + USB interface & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\\hline + Debugging connector & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes & No \\\hline + Prepaid Cellular data & 500 MB & 10 MB & 10 MB & 10 MB & No & 10 MB \\\hline + Cellular data validity & 10 years & N/A & N/A & N/A & N/A & N/A \\\hline + SMS Data & 250 & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline + Dedicated sensor shield & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline + VS Code dev. extension & Yes & Yes & No & No & No & No \\\hline + Breadboard compatible & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes \\\hline + Edge Impulse ready & Yes & Yes & No & No & No & No \\\hline + Memfault ready & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline + Golioth ready & Yes & No & No & Yes & No & No \\\hline + Open-source & HW+SW & HW+SW & No & HW+SW & No & HW+SW \\\hline + Dimension [mm] & 50.8x22.8 & 58.8x58.5 & 50.8x22.8 & 50.8x22.8 & 53x35 & 58.42x22.86 \\\hline + Weight & \~5 g & 61 g & \~5 g & \~5 g & 10 g & \~5 g \\\hline + Price (USD) & \$159 & \$126.25 & \$115 & \$99 & \$215 & \$129.95 \\\hline + \end{tabular} + \end{center} + \caption[Comparation of nRF9160 modules]{Comparation of nRF9160 main modules} + \label{tab:nrfmodules} +\end{table} + +%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +%\section{Quectel RM520N} +% +%\begin{figure}[h!] +% \begin{center} +% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/RM520N.png} +% \end{center} +% \caption[Quectel RM520N]{Quectel RM520N series front view\cite{rm520ndatasheet}} +% \label{} +%\end{figure} +% +%RM520N is a 5G Sub-6GHz IoT module, made by Chinese company Quectel, optimized for IoT and eMBB applications with worldwide spectrum coverage, but capable of also 3G/4G multi-mode operation. The module is made in an M.2 form factor (30 x 52 x 2.3 mm) with 4 antenna connectors and is compatible with \ac{3GPP} Release 16 specification, supporting both 5G NSA (data rates: 3.4 Gbps DL / 550 Mbps UL) and SA modes (data rates: 2.4 Gbps DL / 900 Mbps UL). +% +%The RM520N is an industrial-grade module for industrial and commercial applications. It should cover nearly all the mainstream carriers worldwide and support Qualcomm® IZat location technology Gen9C Lite (GPS, GLONASS, BDS and Galileo). The integrated \ac{GNSS} receiver simplifies the product design. +% +%It communicates using USB and PCIe drivers provided by Quectel for Windows 7 or higher, Linux, and Android. Main anticipated usage are industrial routers, home gateways, laptops / tablet PCs as well as IoT applications \cite{rm520ndatasheet}. +% +%The module comes in two variants: RM520N-GL with global coverage and RM520N-EU with EU frequency regulatory spectrum. +% +%\subsection{Modules with RM520N} +% +%Development support for RM520N modules is provided by a Chinese company Waveshare \cite{waveshare1}\cite{waveshare2} +%making several hardware kits for rapid development and implementation with RM520N and having a distribution network across EU (e.g. \url{https://rlx.sk/sk/vyhladavanie?controller=search&s=RM520N}) +% +%\subsubsection{Dongle} +%\begin{figure}[H] +% \begin{center} +% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmdongle.jpg} +% \end{center} +% \caption[Waveshare dongle]{Waveshare dongle\cite{rmdongle}} +% \label{} +%\end{figure} +% +%5G DONGLE module \cite{rmdongle} +%providing simple expansion board with 4 SMA antenna connectors, nano SIM card holder, M2 connector for RM520N, heatsink and USB3.1 port for connecting to PC or Raspberry Pi. +% +%\subsubsection{Raspberry Pi HAT} +% +%\begin{figure}[H] +% \begin{center} +% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmpi.jpg} +% \end{center} +% \caption[Waveshare dongle]{Waveshare dongle\cite{rmpi}} +% \label{} +%\end{figure} +% +%5G HAT for Raspberry Pi \cite{rmpi} +%, with a case for Raspberry Pi 3B/4B, onboard USB3.1 and USB-C ports, 2x SIM card slot, 4 antennas, 3A power supply circuit. +% +%\subsubsection{USB/Ethernet converter} +% +%\begin{figure}[H] +% \begin{center} +% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmeth.jpg} +% \end{center} +% \caption[USB/Ethernet converter]{USB3.1 / Gigabit Ethernet converter to 5G\cite{rmeth}} +% \label{} +%\end{figure} +% +%USB3.1 / Gigabit Ethernet converter to 5G \cite{rmeth} +%capable to connect RM520N module to its M2 connector header and acting as a 5G communication bridge to PC, industrial control hosts, Raspberry Pi, ethernet switch or router using their USB3.1 or Ethernet connections. +% +%\subsubsection{Module form Jetson Nano} +% +%\begin{figure}[H] +% \begin{center} +% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmjet.jpg} +% \end{center} +% \caption[Module for Jetson Nano]{Comunication module for Jetson Nano\cite{rmjet}} +% \label{} +%\end{figure} +% +%Communication module for Jetson Nano \cite{rmjet} +%- interface with M2 connector, USB3.1 port, audio jack and decoder, SIM card slot, 40-pin GPIO extension header for direct connection to Jetson Nano, 4 antennas. +% + +\section{Nordic Semiconductor nRF9161} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{obrazky/nrfchip9161.png} + \end{center} + \caption[Nordic nRF9161 SiP]{Nordic nRF9161 SiP\cite{nrf91desc}} + \label{fig:sip61front} +\end{figure} + +nRF9161 is evolution of nRF9160 in same form-factor and it enables every function of its predecessor with additional and improved capabilities such as implementation of 3GPP Release 14 LTE-M/NB-IoT LTE stack and support for alternative modem firmware for \ac{DECT NR+} stack operating on 1.9 GHz band. Switching between \ac{LTE} and \ac{DECT NR+} is done by loading given firmware to modem part of the \ac{SiC}. \cite{cite} + +This means that application such LTE and \ac{DECT NR+} gateway would by using only nRF9161 need two of them (even though technologically dubious not so much from financial sense considering \texteuro 23 for single \ac{SiC}) \cite{} +% https://cz.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Nordic-Semiconductor/NRF9161-LACA-R + +Capabilities and description of DECT NR+ can be found in chapter \ref{dectdescrition}. + +\section{Nordic Semiconductor nRF9151} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{obrazky/nrfchip9151.png} + \end{center} + \caption[Nordic nRF9151 SiP]{Nordic nRF9151 SiP\cite{nrf91desc}} + \label{fig:sip51front} +\end{figure} + +nRF9151 is another evolution o nRF9151. Its main advantages are smaller footprint (reduction of 20 \%), additional Power Class 5 (20 dBm) support for LTE stack and promise of eventual addition for \ac{NTN} \cite{cite}. + + + +\section{Modules with nRF91xx} There are several modules and development kits available with nRF9160 chipset, originating from Nordic Semiconductor, as well as from other vendors. @@ -56,7 +230,33 @@ There are several modules and development kits available with nRF9160 chipset, o \label{fig:dkfront} \end{figure} -nRF9160 DK is an official pre-certified development kit for nRF9160 made and supported by Nordic Semiconductor. It is equipped with LTE-M/NB-IoT antenna, GNSS antenna, SIM connector, eSIM card from iBasis preloaded with 10 MB data. All peripherial GPIO pins of nRF9160 are available through connectors and headers compatible with Arduino Uno Rev3 form factor, there are also 4 on-board LEDs, 2 buttons and 2 switches connected to the application processor GPIO. The board also includes nRF52840 board controller sharing the peripherials and allowing to build a Bluetooth Low Energy gateway. Powering and communication with PC are arranged via USB (virtual COM) port. Programming and debugging is enabled through the Segger J-Link OB. The nRF9160 DK is supported by a full suite of development software tools by Nordic Semiconductor, free to download and use commercially \cite{nrf91dkdesc}. +nRF9160 DK is an official pre-certified development kit for nRF9160 made and supported by Nordic Semiconductor. It is equipped with LTE-M/NB-IoT antenna, \ac{GNSS} antenna, SIM connector, eSIM card from iBasis preloaded with 10 MB data. All peripherial GPIO pins of nRF9160 are available through connectors and headers compatible with Arduino Uno Rev3 form factor, there are also 4 on-board LEDs, 2 buttons and 2 switches connected to the application processor GPIO. The board also includes nRF52840 board controller sharing the peripherials and allowing to build a Bluetooth Low Energy gateway. Powering and communication with PC are arranged via USB (virtual COM) port. Programming and debugging is enabled through the Segger J-Link OB. The nRF9160 DK is supported by a full suite of development software tools by Nordic Semiconductor, free to download and use commercially \cite{nrf91dkdesc}. + +\subsubsection{nRF9161 DK} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{obrazky/nrf9161DKfront.png} + \end{center} + \caption[Nordic nRF9161DK]{Nordic nRF9161DK front view\cite{nrf91dkdesc}} + \label{fig:dk61front} +\end{figure} + +nRF9161 DK is nRF9160 but with nRF9161 instead of nRF9160 and USB-C. TODO: rozepsat + +\subsubsection{nRF9151 DK} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{obrazky/nrf9151DKfront.png} + \end{center} + \caption[Nordic nRF9161DK]{Nordic nRF9161DK front view\cite{nrf91dkdesc}} + \label{fig:dk51front} +\end{figure} + +nRF9161 DK is nRF9161 DK but with nRF9151 instead of nRF9161. TODO: rozepsat + + \subsubsection{Nordic Thingy:91} @@ -68,9 +268,27 @@ nRF9160 DK is an official pre-certified development kit for nRF9160 made and sup \label{fig:thingy} \end{figure} -Nordic Thingy:91, also made by Nordic Semiconductor, is a compact small-factor module used as a rapid prototyping battery-operated platform, containing LTE-M/NB-IoT/GNSS, Bluetooth LE and NFC antennas, User-programmable button and RGB LEDs, environmental sensor for temperature, humidity, air quality and air pressure, plus a color and light sensor, low-power accelerometer and high-g accelerometer, rechargeable Li-Po battery with 1350 mAh capacity +Nordic Thingy:91, also made by Nordic Semiconductor, is a compact small-factor module used as a rapid prototyping battery-operated platform, containing LTE-M/NB-IoT/\ac{GNSS}, Bluetooth LE and NFC antennas, User-programmable button and RGB LEDs, environmental sensor for temperature, humidity, air quality and air pressure, plus a color and light sensor, low-power accelerometer and high-g accelerometer, rechargeable Li-Po battery with 1350 mAh capacity \cite{thingydesc}. +\subsubsection{Nordic Thingy:91X} + +\begin{figure}[H] + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{obrazky/Thingy91x_board.png} + \end{center} + \caption[Nordic Thingy:91X]{Thingy:91X view\cite{thingyxdesc}} + \label{fig:thingy} +\end{figure} + +%Nordic Thingy:91X, also made by Nordic Semiconductor, is a compact small-factor module used as a rapid prototyping battery-operated platform, containing LTE-M/NB-IoT/\ac{GNSS}, Bluetooth LE and NFC antennas, User-programmable button and RGB LEDs, environmental sensor for temperature, humidity, air quality and air pressure, plus a color and light sensor, low-power accelerometer and high-g accelerometer, rechargeable Li-Po battery with 1350 mAh capacity + +Thingy:91X is Thingy:91 but with nRF9161 instead of nRF9160 and \ac{Wi-Fi} chip nRF7001. TODO: rozepsat + +\cite{thingyxdesc}. + +% https://www.nordicsemi.com/-/media/Software-and-other-downloads/Product-Briefs/nRF9151-SiP-PB-v1.2.pdf + \subsubsection{NimbeLink Nano Global} \begin{figure}[H] @@ -120,7 +338,7 @@ Pebble Tracker, a crowdfunded module made by IoTex, is a battery operated IoT pr \label{fig:icarus} \end{figure} -Icarus SoM, made by Actinius, is a simple module with U.FL antenna connectors for GNSS and LTE, eSIM and accelerometer, with spare GPIO pins headed to PCB edge connectors +Icarus SoM, made by Actinius, is a simple module with U.FL antenna connectors for \ac{GNSS} and LTE, eSIM and accelerometer, with spare GPIO pins headed to PCB edge connectors \cite{icarusdesc}. \subsubsection{Icarus Bee} @@ -146,7 +364,7 @@ Icarus Bee, made by Actinius, expands the above-mentioned Icarus SoM module with \label{fig:icarusiot} \end{figure} -Icarus IoT Board v2, made by Actinius, contains nRF9160 chipset on a board with USB connector, U.FL antenna connectors for LTE and GNSS, LiPo charger, eSIM and nano SIM connector, accelerometer and SPI flash memory, with pin headers compatible with Adafruit Feather footprint +Icarus IoT Board v2, made by Actinius, contains nRF9160 chipset on a board with USB connector, U.FL antenna connectors for LTE and \ac{GNSS}, LiPo charger, eSIM and nano SIM connector, accelerometer and SPI flash memory, with pin headers compatible with Adafruit Feather footprint \cite{icarusiotdesc}. \subsubsection{nRF9160 Feather} @@ -172,10 +390,10 @@ nRF9160 Feather, made by CircuitDojo, is a design with pin headers compatible wi \label{} \end{figure} -SparkFun Thing Plus nRF9160, made by SparkFun, is another board with Adafruit Feather footprint and similar to Icarus IoT Board v2 described above, however with USB-C connector and providing 4 MB SPI flash memory, LiPo charger, low power RTC, a button, a LED, two U.FL antennas for LTE and GNSS +SparkFun Thing Plus nRF9160, made by SparkFun, is another board with Adafruit Feather footprint and similar to Icarus IoT Board v2 described above, however with USB-C connector and providing 4 MB SPI flash memory, LiPo charger, low power RTC, a button, a LED, two U.FL antennas for LTE and \ac{GNSS} \cite{sparkfundesc}. -\subsubsection{Connexio Stratus (Pro)} +\subsubsection{Connexio Stratus} \begin{figure}[H] \begin{center} @@ -188,132 +406,22 @@ SparkFun Thing Plus nRF9160, made by SparkFun, is another board with Adafruit Fe Connexio Stratus, a crowd-funded development board, has a similar design to the SparkFun board above, adding SIM with 500 MB of mobile data, energy harvesting integrated circuit for Li-ion and NiMH battery charging, LiPo battery connection and charging, 2 push-buttons, 1 LED, SHT4x temperature and humidity sensor, LIS2DH 3-axial accelerometer \cite{connexiodesc}. -% TUTUT +\subsubsection{Connexio Stratus Pro} -Comparisons of the main parameters of the most common nRF9160 boards is provided in the following table \ref{tab:nrfmodules} taken from \cite{connexiodesc}: -\begin{table}[H] +\begin{figure}[H] \begin{center} - \scriptsize - \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|} - \hline - & Stratus & Thingy:91 & Icarus & Feather & Pebble Tracker & Thing Plus \\\hline - \hline - Manufacturer & Conexio & Nordic Semi & Actinius & CircuitDojo & IoTex & Sparkfun \\\hline - Total Pins & 33 & 8 & 28 & 28 & None & 28 \\\hline - I/O Pins & 26 & 8 & 21 & 20 & None & 20 \\\hline - Energy Harvester & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline - Accelerometer & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\\hline - Environmental Sensors & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes & No \\\hline - Onboard LEDS & 2 & 1 RGB & 1 RGB & 2 & 1 RGB & 2 \\\hline - Sensor power gating & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline - Power switch & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes & No \\\hline - Lipo battery charger & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes \\\hline - USB interface & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\\hline - Debugging connector & Yes & Yes & No & No & Yes & No \\\hline - Prepaid Cellular data & 500 MB & 10 MB & 10 MB & 10 MB & No & 10 MB \\\hline - Cellular data validity & 10 years & N/A & N/A & N/A & N/A & N/A \\\hline - SMS Data & 250 & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline - Dedicated sensor shield & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline - VS Code dev. extension & Yes & Yes & No & No & No & No \\\hline - Breadboard compatible & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes \\\hline - Edge Impulse ready & Yes & Yes & No & No & No & No \\\hline - Memfault ready & Yes & No & No & No & No & No \\\hline - Golioth ready & Yes & No & No & Yes & No & No \\\hline - Open-source & HW+SW & HW+SW & No & HW+SW & No & HW+SW \\\hline - Dimension [mm] & 50.8x22.8 & 58.8x58.5 & 50.8x22.8 & 50.8x22.8 & 53x35 & 58.42x22.86 \\\hline - Weight & \~5 g & 61 g & \~5 g & \~5 g & 10 g & \~5 g \\\hline - Price (USD) & \$159 & \$126.25 & \$115 & \$99 & \$215 & \$129.95 \\\hline - \end{tabular} + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{obrazky/connexio.jpg} \end{center} - \caption[Comparation of nRF9160 modules]{Comparation of nRF9160 main modules} - \label{tab:nrfmodules} -\end{table} - -%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -%\section{Quectel RM520N} -% -%\begin{figure}[h!] -% \begin{center} -% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/RM520N.png} -% \end{center} -% \caption[Quectel RM520N]{Quectel RM520N series front view\cite{rm520ndatasheet}} -% \label{} -%\end{figure} -% -%RM520N is a 5G Sub-6GHz IoT module, made by Chinese company Quectel, optimized for IoT and eMBB applications with worldwide spectrum coverage, but capable of also 3G/4G multi-mode operation. The module is made in an M.2 form factor (30 x 52 x 2.3 mm) with 4 antenna connectors and is compatible with \ac{3GPP} Release 16 specification, supporting both 5G NSA (data rates: 3.4 Gbps DL / 550 Mbps UL) and SA modes (data rates: 2.4 Gbps DL / 900 Mbps UL). -% -%The RM520N is an industrial-grade module for industrial and commercial applications. It should cover nearly all the mainstream carriers worldwide and support Qualcomm® IZat location technology Gen9C Lite (GPS, GLONASS, BDS and Galileo). The integrated GNSS receiver simplifies the product design. -% -%It communicates using USB and PCIe drivers provided by Quectel for Windows 7 or higher, Linux, and Android. Main anticipated usage are industrial routers, home gateways, laptops / tablet PCs as well as IoT applications \cite{rm520ndatasheet}. -% -%The module comes in two variants: RM520N-GL with global coverage and RM520N-EU with EU frequency regulatory spectrum. -% -%\subsection{Modules with RM520N} -% -%Development support for RM520N modules is provided by a Chinese company Waveshare \cite{waveshare1}\cite{waveshare2} -%making several hardware kits for rapid development and implementation with RM520N and having a distribution network across EU (e.g. \url{https://rlx.sk/sk/vyhladavanie?controller=search&s=RM520N}) -% -%\subsubsection{Dongle} -%\begin{figure}[H] -% \begin{center} -% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmdongle.jpg} -% \end{center} -% \caption[Waveshare dongle]{Waveshare dongle\cite{rmdongle}} -% \label{} -%\end{figure} -% -%5G DONGLE module \cite{rmdongle} -%providing simple expansion board with 4 SMA antenna connectors, nano SIM card holder, M2 connector for RM520N, heatsink and USB3.1 port for connecting to PC or Raspberry Pi. -% -%\subsubsection{Raspberry Pi HAT} -% -%\begin{figure}[H] -% \begin{center} -% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmpi.jpg} -% \end{center} -% \caption[Waveshare dongle]{Waveshare dongle\cite{rmpi}} -% \label{} -%\end{figure} -% -%5G HAT for Raspberry Pi \cite{rmpi} -%, with a case for Raspberry Pi 3B/4B, onboard USB3.1 and USB-C ports, 2x SIM card slot, 4 antennas, 3A power supply circuit. -% -%\subsubsection{USB/Ethernet converter} -% -%\begin{figure}[H] -% \begin{center} -% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmeth.jpg} -% \end{center} -% \caption[USB/Ethernet converter]{USB3.1 / Gigabit Ethernet converter to 5G\cite{rmeth}} -% \label{} -%\end{figure} -% -%USB3.1 / Gigabit Ethernet converter to 5G \cite{rmeth} -%capable to connect RM520N module to its M2 connector header and acting as a 5G communication bridge to PC, industrial control hosts, Raspberry Pi, ethernet switch or router using their USB3.1 or Ethernet connections. -% -%\subsubsection{Module form Jetson Nano} -% -%\begin{figure}[H] -% \begin{center} -% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{obrazky/rmjet.jpg} -% \end{center} -% \caption[Module for Jetson Nano]{Comunication module for Jetson Nano\cite{rmjet}} -% \label{} -%\end{figure} -% -%Communication module for Jetson Nano \cite{rmjet} -%- interface with M2 connector, USB3.1 port, audio jack and decoder, SIM card slot, 40-pin GPIO extension header for direct connection to Jetson Nano, 4 antennas. -% + \caption[Connexio Stratus]{Connexio Stratus\cite{connexiodesc}} + \label{} +\end{figure} -\section{Nordic Semiconductor nRF9161} +Connexio Stratus Pro, a crowd-funded development board, has a similar design to the SparkFun board above, adding SIM with 500 MB of mobile data, energy harvesting integrated circuit for Li-ion and NiMH battery charging, LiPo battery connection and charging, 2 push-buttons, 1 LED, SHT4x temperature and humidity sensor, LIS2DH 3-axial accelerometer -nRF9161 is evolution of nRF9160 in same form-factor and it enables every function of its predecessor with additional and improved capabilities such as implementation of 3GPP Release 14 LTE-M/NB-IoT LTE stack and support for alternative modem firmware for DECT NR+ stack. \cite{cite} -Capabilities and description of DECT NR+ can be found in chapter \ref{dectdescrition}. +Connexio Stratus Pron is Connexio Stratus but with nRF9151 instead of nRF9160. TODO: rozepsat -\section{Nordic Semiconductor nRF9151} +\cite{connexiodesc}. -nRF9151 is another evolution o nRF9151. Its main advantages are smaller footprint (reduction of 20 \%), additional Power Class 5 (20 dBm) support for LTE stack and promise of eventual addition for \ac{NTN} \cite{cite}. -% https://www.nordicsemi.com/-/media/Software-and-other-downloads/Product-Briefs/nRF9151-SiP-PB-v1.2.pdf
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