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\chapter{Laboratory testing}
\textit{Každá section jak protokol, Co chci změřit, Fyzika - princip toho co měřím, čím to měřím, zapojení měřící techniky, tabulky, graf}
\section{Communication range}
One of main consideration when choosing a IoT platform is communication range. Main source of attenuation of radio energy caused by electric field dispersion/diffusion of electric field. This effect if best described by \ac{FSPL}:
\begin{equation}
FSPL=\left( \frac{4 \pi d}{\lambda} \right) ^2
\end{equation}
Signal attenuation is also dependent on directivity of antennas and loss on connectors and \textbf{electrical wiring}. When antenna and transmission total \textbf{gain} is constant and can be added to equation like this:
\begin{equation}
A = D_{ANT} \cdot A_{RX} \cdot \left( \frac{4 \pi d}{\lambda} \right) ^2
\end{equation}
Where $D_{ANT}$ is directivity of antenna and $A_{RX}$ is total loss from \ac{RF} connector to \ac{LTE} modem. These must be accounted to only when measuring on directly on LTE modem.
This can be converted to simplify calculation to decibel form:
\begin{equation}
A = D_{ANT}^{[dB]} + A_{RX}^{[dB]} + 10 \cdot \log_{10} \left( \frac{4 \pi d}{\lambda} \right) ^2
\end{equation}
From this a maximal range can be simulated using \ac{RF} attenuators in laboratory environment by converting
\begin{equation}
d = A_{max}
\end{equation}
\subsection{Antennas}
For ability to add additional attenuators external antennas had to be made. For this a $\lambda / 4$ monopole antenna design has been chosen.
O2 on 800 MHz
Dosah zásvisí na vzdálenosti, v ideálních podmínkách line of sight Free-space path loss
Popis Free-space path loss, teorie, vzorečky
Technika - variable attenuator,
Tabulka utlum , km ve free-space , teoreticka sila signalu , signal na vstupu podle FW , packet drop / BER
\section{Noise immunity - reliability}
Noise makes signal bad, reciver much sad.
Teorie, vzorecky, Bit error rate, Added white gausian noise
Teoreticke vypocty pro NB-IoT, LTE-M, DECT NR+
Technika zdroj šumu, směšovač,
Pro jednotlivé AWGN a CNR carier noise ratio
Tabulka utlum , km ve free-space , teoreticka sila signalu , signal na vstupu podle FW , packet drop / BER , spotřeba
\section{Power consumption}
\colorbox{orange}{Toto asi bude chujovina}
With wireless communication often comes an incentive for power source without need for external wires and power transmission network. Significant research has been made to alternative power sources for IoT devices from prevalent energy sources like light, vibration, temperature gradient and similar. Use of small solar panels with potential large capacitor seems to be the most viable out of these but there [tuzdroj].
\colorbox{orange}{Konec chujoviny}
All power sources expect the ones connected directly to energy power grid have some sort of limited capacity. In the case of primary batteries and rechargeable batteries this limit is absolute and usually has to be guarantied in terms of
%Globální oteplování bad, small battery good
\subsection{Nordic Power Profiler Kit II}
\section{Latency}
Pro jednotlivé AWGN a CNR carier noise ratio
Tabulka utlum , km ve free-space , teoreticka sila signalu , signal na vstupu podle FW , packet drop / BER , spotřeba , latence
Experimentální ověření NB-IoT, LTC-M, DECT NR+:
\begin{itemize}
\item dosah - popis cesty šíření ve volném prostoru, odkaz na teoretický výpočet útlumi vzdáleností ve volném prostředí ve vzduchu. Popis atenuátoru.
\item spotřeba - variabilní snižování síly signálu, popis Power Profiler Kit II
\item přenosová rychlost - primárně pro DECT, praktická superhurbá přenosová rychlost UDP Byty/(čas od konce do začátku sleep)
\item odolnost vůči šumu - VF generátor šumu, teorie
\end{itemize}
Experimentální ověření DECT NR+ navíc:
\begin{itemize}
\item spolehlivost -
\item latence -
\end{itemize}
Teorie mereni - Náhradní modely prostředí. Degradace signálu.
Popis experimentální instrumentace a sestav.
Spotřeba, packet drop, rychlost, latence závislá na útlumu (popř. intenzita bílého šumu) (vsechny protokoly)
\section{Measurement}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Nominal} &
\multicolumn{3}{c|}{nRF modem} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{nRF FW} &
\multicolumn{6}{c|}{Power Kit II} \\
\hline
$K_U$ & CL & $P_I$ & $Q_I$ & $SNR$ & $T_{lat}$ & $PD$ & $P_{TX}$ & $P_{RX}$ & W & $T_{TX}$ & $T_{RX}$ & $R_B$ \\
[dB] & [dB] & [dBm] & [dBm] & [dB] & [ms] & [\%] & [mA] & [mA] & [J/msg] & [$\mu$ s] & [$\mu$ s] & [kB/s] \\\hline
0 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
3 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
6 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
10 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
13 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
16 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
20 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
23 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
26 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
30 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
33 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
36 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
40 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
43 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
46 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
50 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
53 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
56 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
60 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{NB-IoT / LTE-M measurements for message length = X B and added noise = X dBm}
\end{sidewaystable}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Nominal} &
\multicolumn{5}{c|}{nRF modem} &
\multicolumn{6}{c|}{Power Kit II} \\
\hline
$K_U$ & CL & $RSSI$ & $RSSI-2$ & $SNR$ & $T_{lat}$ & $PD$ & $P_{TX}$ & $P_{RX}$ & W & $T_{TX}$ & $T_{RX}$ & $R_B$ \\
[dB] & [dB] & [dBm] & [dBm] & [dB] & [ms] & [\%] & [mA] & [mA] & [J/msg] & [$\mu$ s] & [$\mu$ s] & [kB/s] \\\hline
0 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
3 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
6 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
10 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
13 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
16 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
20 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
23 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
26 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
30 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
33 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
36 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
40 & -140 & -80 & 10 & 40 & 0.5 & 0.1 & 98 & 10 & 0.1 & 400 & 400 & 1 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{DECT-NR+ measurements for message length = X B and added noise = X dBm}
\end{sidewaystable}
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